Ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City Essay Example for Free

Ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City Essay Ticketing Offices is an office of Transportation Company, theatrical or entertainment enterprise or ticket agency where tickets are sold and reservation made. A Computer Reservations System or central reservation system (CRS) is a computerized system used to store and retrieve information and conduct transactions related to air travel. Originally designed and operated by airlines, CRSes were later extended for the use of travel agencies. Major CRS operations that book and sell tickets for multiple airlines are known as Global Distribution Systems (GDS). Airlines have divested most of their direct holdings to dedicated GDS companies, who make their systems accessible to consumers through Internet gateways. Modern GDSes typically allow users to book airline tickets as well as activities and tours. Electronic Ticketing in the airline industry was devised in about 1994. E-ticketing has largely replaced the older multi-layered paper ticketing systems, and since 1 June 2008, it has been mandatory for IATA members. Where paper tickets are still available, some airlines charge a fee for issuing paper tickets. When a reservation is confirmed, the airline keeps a record of the booking in its computer reservations system. Customers can print out or are provided with a copy of their e-ticket itinerary receipt which contains the record locator or reservation number and the e-ticket number. It is possible to print multiple copies of an e-ticket itinerary receipt. An airfare is the price a passenger pays in order to travel by air. The types of fares, rules and restrictions, taxes, etc., are all components that complicate the price involved for a passenger to fly from one place to another. Fares are most often based on one-way or round-trip travel. Fares may be published, unpublished and/or negotiated fares (corporations, or government agencies/organizations may have fares negotiated with an airline at a lower rate). Unpublished fares are also known as consolidated fares and are offered by consolidators and bucket shops. Objectives of the Study The general objective of the study is to determine the contribution of ticketing offices on the influx of tourist in Davao City. Specifically the study aims to: 1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the services offered 2. Find out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City 3. Determine the advantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Find out the elicit suggestions of respondents Expected Output 1. Different ticketing offices in Davao City and the services offered. 2. Found out the tourist arrival (2012-2013) in Davao City 3. Determined the advantages of ticketing offices in Davao City. 4. Found out the elicit suggestions of respondents. Scope Limitation of the Study This study limited only the contribution of ticketing offices in airline company on the influx of tourist in Davao City, their tourist arrival 2012-2013, the advantages of the ticketing offices and find out the elicit suggestions of travelers as respondents. Time Place of the Study This study entitled â€Å"Ticketing Offices: Its Contribution to the Influx of Tourist in Davao City† will be conducted in the City, Southern Mindanao, Philippines. From September to October 2013. Definition of Terms Airline ticket is a document, issued by an airline or a travel agency, to confirm that an individual has purchased a seat on a flight on an aircraft. This document is then used to obtain a boarding pass, at the airport. Then with the boarding pass and the attached ticket, the passenger is allowed to board the aircraft. There are two sorts of airline tickets the older style with coupons now referred to as a paper ticket, and the now more  common electronic ticket usually referred to as an e-ticket. Electronic ticket an electronic form of an airline ticket Influx – an arrival or entry of large numbers of people or things Tourist a person who is traveling, especially for pleasure. TICKETING OFFICES: IT’S CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY SHAHONEY D. DIWAN A Thesis Outline Submitted to the Department of International Hospitality, Travel and Tourism Management, College of Human Ecology and Food Sciences, University of Southern Mindanao, Kabacan, Cotabato, in Partial, Fulfilment of the Requirements for the Degree of BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN TRAVEL MANAGEMENT OCTOBER 2013 Republic of the Philippines UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN MINDANAO Kabacan, Cotabato COLLEGE OF HUMAN ECOLOGY AND FOOD SCIENCES APPROVAL OF THESIS OUTLINE Name: SHAHONEY D. DIWAN Degree Sought: BS IN TRAVEL MANAGEMENT Thesis Title: TICKETING OFFICES: IT’S CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY. APPROVED BY THE GUIDANCE COMMITTEE Adviser Department Statistician Date Date Department Chairperson Dept. Research Coordinator Date Date College Research Coordinator Dean Date Date Study No.: ________ Recorded by: ________ RECEIVED: Director for Research Development Date Index No.: _______ Recorded by: _______ ACCEPTANCE The thesis outline attached here to entitled â€Å"TICKETING OFFICES: ITS CONTRIBUTION OF THE INFLUX OF TOURIST IN DAVAO CITY†, prepared and submitted by SHAHONEY D. DIWAN, in partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Travel Management, is here by accepted. Adviser Date Accepted as a partial fulfilled of the requirements for the degree of Bachelor of Science in Travel Management. Research Coordinator, CHEFS Date TABLE OF CONTENTS PRELIMINARIES Title Page Approval of Thesis Outline Acceptance Sheet Table of Contents List of Dummy Tables List of Appendices INTRODUCTION Significance of the Study Objectives of the Study Expected Output Scope and Limitation of the Study Time and Place of the Study Definition of Terms REVIEW LITERATURE Ticketing Offices MATERIALS AND METHODS Research Design Location of the Study Respondents of the Study Sampling Procedures Research Instrument Data Gathering Procedure Statistical Analysis LITERATURE CITED APPENDICES LIST OF TABLES Number Title Page 1 Ticketing Offices in Davao City and the services offered 2 Tourist Arrival (2012-2013) 3 Advantages of Ticketing Offices 4 Elicit suggestions of respondents LIST OF FIGURES Number 1 Title The Location of Davao City Page LIST OF APPENDICES Appendix Letter Title Page A Letter of Application for Thesis Adviser B Letter of Application for Thesis Title C Letter of Permission to the Manager/owner D Cover Letter E Sample Questionnaire F Schedule of Research Activities G Gantt Chart H Budgetary Requirements I Dummy Tables J Processing Form TICKETING Improve productivity with transparent, traceable and flexible ticketing Airlines are well aware of the need to evolve sales activities and harness the advantage of paperless, electronic ticketing. SITA’s Ticketing improves your airline’s productivity by reducing document issue times by automatically generating travel documents in multiple formats with minimal errors. Ticketing also gives you full control over your electronic miscellaneous document (EMD) products. SITA’s Ticketing enables to you use EMDs to generate substantially higher revenues by selling ancillary service products. OVERVIEW Positive feedback SITA’s Ticketing lets you save costs and boost revenue with real-time sales reporting technology that displays detailed revenue generation indexes. Ticketing collates up-to-date, accurate and detailed sales activity and financial reports from your entire airline, all ticket agents and independent sales offices. e-Ticket innovation The e-ticket database is separate from the airline’s reservation database. With SITA’s Ticketing,e-tickets can be sold by the airline, a global distribution system or an interline partner. SITA’s Ticketing makes e-tickets independently accessible and unlike paper documents, it tracks the use of the ticket. Fully compatible Ticketing is a part of SITA’s Horizon portfolio and is an industry compliant platform designed for airlines using SITA Reservations. SITA Ticketing is also designed to meet IATA’s standard traffic documents (STD) format. BENEFITS SITAs Ticketing provides the following benefits. Expedited and less expensive passenger transactions Improved accuracy and legibility Increased security Increased customer retention Ability to meet changing demands of your business environment Ensured compliance with International Air Transport Association (IATA) and Air Transport Association (ATA) standards E-ticketing provides the following benefits. Reduced costs Saves money by eliminating paper and postage-related costs Promotes low cost distribution channels, such as airline Web sites Enhances passenger handling with automation for example, using kiosks, the Internet and mobile phones Increased productivity and control Maximizes agent productivity by turning call centres into revenue centres Eliminates lost and stolen tickets Reduces the opportunities for fraud Improved service delivery Supports alliance and partner airline interline e-ticketing requirements Ticket changes and/or refund requests are processed more easily Supports ground handling options (i.e., where your airline is ground handled) FEATURES Ticketing offers a wide range of features to improve the productivity of both ticketing and financial management. Multiple ticket formats can be generated automatically (e.g., TAT, OPTAT, ATB2, OPTATB and electronic tickets) Automated Ticket and Boarding pass 2 (ATB2) functionality includes credit  card charge forms, itinerary and address cards ATB2 coupons, with encoded magnetic strips, may be read at check-in and/or used to read ticket data at revenue accounting Electronic tickets may be sold by partner airlines and global distribution systems for both online and interline itineraries Conjunction tickets are issued automatically and an itinerary of up to 20 segments may be issued Easy-to-use document issuance screens are provided for user guidance Multiple printer types are supported allowing you to use your own choice of equipment and vendor The system also has state-of-the-art interfaces to Reservations and Airfare Financial intelligence Ticketing also offers on-demand and automated printing of management reports. These include: Sales summaries of agent and office productivity  Sales reports including refund and exchange information  Real-time financial data can be electronically distributed as required, based on specified financial periods. Financial data can also be reported to the bank settlement plan (BSP) or in-house system based on specified or user-defined financial periods. SITA Global Services (SGS) Ticketing is supported by SITA Global Services (SGS) which provides you with global business continuity through a flexible service model. Our monitoring service ensures your IT systems are reliable and available, around the clock, around the world. Our experts proactively monitor your infrastructure, identifying and resolving problems often before they impact your services. SITA HISTORY SITA was a pioneer in international telecommunications for the air transport industry and has continued to operate at the forefront of technology. From its foundation as Socià ©tà © Internationale de Tà ©là ©communications Aà ©ronautiques, SITA has aimed to bring airlines existing air transport communications facilities together. This allows organizations and the wider industry to take advantage of shared infrastructure cost efficiencies. SITA now serves around 450 members worldwide. These members include airlines, airports, aerospace companies, GDSs, air traffic management organizations, air freight businesses, governments and international organizations. Ticket beefits Biggest Savings: You are guaranteed the best price on your seats. Best Seat Location: We reserve the best available seat locations for you, our Season Ticket Holder. Exclusive Access: Receive behind-the-scenes tours and access to front office and team personnel through exclusive Season Ticket Holder Events. Ticket Usage Flexibility: With our flexible ticket policies, you are able to exchange, re-sell, or donate any unused ticket. First Class Customer Service: Your dedicated Season Ticket Service Account Manager provides you a single point of contact to assist you with your account.

Keeping it Real :: Education Teaching Learning Essays

Keeping it Real Why teach students non-applicable skills? Why teach them using boring lessons that won't be memorable? Why not 'tap into students natural curiosities?' (Daniels and Bizar 1998). Throughout the readings, these were the underlying questions I repeatedly asked myself about education. I came to the conclusion that education must be authentic. As educators, we have to make students feel as if their education is a living, breathing thing. It's something alive that they can cultivate and grow. We have to constantly be assessing our teaching in order to find ways to keep education real for our students. I'm a firm believer that students come to class with a great deal to offer both peers and educators. They are resources that other students can access. They each have their own cultures, own communities, families, and life experiences that may differ from their peers'. As educators, we must utilize this, helping our students cultivate their own education from each others' and their own lives. Authentic education is just one way to help students 'access' each other in and out of the classroom. Authentic education is hands-on, real application to life. When students find information meaningful and relevant to their lives, or when they find their education practical and usable, they tend to engage more. Why not draw upon community resources, authors, artists, and other professionals outside of the classroom? This is just one way to get students involved in what's really going on in the world- which is where they spend a majority of their time. There are so many exposable issues in the real world that students can connect to in an English classroom. For example, today we are faced with ecological concerns and environmental issues in which action must be taken. There are also so many great writers that have written about nature and its fragile existence. Why not take students outdoors to read? Why not have them connect to nature, develop an appreciation for the environment, and learn at the same time?

Production Possibilities

Production PossibilitiesProduction possibilities frontier (PPF) or more commonly known as transformation curve is a graph that demonstrates the difference between two goods that an economy with scarce resources could produce. There are two primary determinants that may greatly affect the orientation of the PPF of a nation. These are production functions and factor endowments. There is relatively a very big possibility for the PPF of a nation to shift inward. Instances such as the occurrence of war and technological disturbances that may cause technological growth and development to cease are two of the possible causes of a PPF inward shift. The Principle of Diminishing Marginal Returns can also affect the shift of the PPF of a nation. Other factors such as currency devaluation or technological and political innovation can also shift a nation's PPF inward.Figure 1 shows the inward shift of the PPF curve of a nation that has undergone war. Due to the war, the resources of the nation, w hich are primarily used to produce the food and medicine have been devastated. This devastation of the resources leads to decrease in the rate of technological innovations. Moreover, the war also gave rise to the currency devaluation of the nation. By these, it can be concluded that these instances can increase the possibility of the nation's PPF to shift inward.Given a fixed proportion of resources added with another unit of resource needed by a nation for the production of two goods and the machines needed by the nation in the production, the curve of the production possibility frontier of a nation would shift inward to  the left in time – this is due to the law of diminishing marginal returns. The law states that even though other units of resources are added to the nation's tool for production, the marginal output of the nation would decrement until it reaches negative. And when it reaches the negative value, the PPF curve of that nation would shift inward. Currency dev aluation also affects the inward shift of a nation's PPF curve when some of the nation's resources are being purchased from other nations. The decrease in the value of the nation's currency would affect the amount and the value of the resources purchased. Decline in the rate of innovations could also aid in the inward shift of the PPF curve of the nation since technological innovations may help develop and improve the production process.References:Devadoss, S., Song, W. (2003). Factor Market Oligopsony and the Production   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Possibility Frontier Review of International Economics, 11, 729-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   744.RetrievedNovember 5, 2007 from SSRN database.Goodwin, N. R. (2007, October 9). Production possibility frontier. Retrieved November 5,   Ã‚   2007 from http://www.eoearth.org/article/Production_possibility_frontier.Parasuraman, N. S. (2002, May 1). Production-Possibility Frontier (PPF) Retrieved   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   November 5, 2007, from http://www.geocities.com/parasu41/PPF/.Suranovic, S. M. (2007). International Trade Theory and Policy [Electronic Version]. Retrieved November 5, 2007, from http://internationalecon.com/Trade/Tch60/T60-  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   7.php.

The American Dream In The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of...

â€Å"We hold these truths to be self-evident, that all men are created equal, that they are endowed by their Creator with certain unalienable Rights, that among these are Life, Liberty and the pursuit of Happiness (Independence Hall Association, 2011).† This exert from The Declaration of Independence provides a look on America and how life is meant to be lived; with all individuals having an equal right to exist. This existence includes life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness. This beacons to one vital idea, one main vision, which creates a fundamental dream. This dream is the American Dream, and is the ideology that life should be richer, fuller, and more sustainable for the common man. The idea influences viewpoints that anything can be†¦show more content†¦As stated, â€Å"It was a strange coincidence,’ (Nick) said. But it wasn’t a coincidence at all.’ ‘Why not?’ ‘Gatsby bought that house so that Daisy would be just across the bay (Fitzgerald, 2011).† This further proves that Gatsby’s only purpose in life is to live for the opportunity to associate with Daisy. When this happens, Gatsby is ecstatic, but this later comes plummeting down. As is shown, the American Dream fluctuates from person to person, thus making a false implementation of success, when the idea of success can just be altered to fit. Considering that it can be changed to fit, the American Dream is thus never truly met, only falsely acclaimed. Grapes shows this by having the Joads change from their previous dream, to farm on their owned land, to the present dream, of moving to California and finding sustainable work there. The American Dream can only be reasonable and fit the situation at hand, which why it is always allowed to be changed. This proves that it is never truly met, as exceptions and excuses can and will be made, due to human nature. In Gatsby, also, the American Dream is only somewhat accomplished, as though Gatsby associates with Daisy, she cann ot seem to completely commit to him. This eventually gets Gatsby killed, and Daisy moving on to where the money is. For Gatsby, in that short while when he and Daisy connected, the American Dream seems to be achieved forShow MoreRelatedScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath1720 Words   |  7 PagesScott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby and John Steinbecks The Grapes of Wrath In the novels The Great Gatsby by Scott Fitzgerald and The Grapes of Wrath by John Steinbeck, the authors present similar ideas, but use different methods to portray them. Similarities in themes can be made between the two texts; these include the pursuit of the American Dream and the use and misuse of wealth. Other themes are also central to each novel, the strength in unity and the influenceRead MoreThe Grapes Of Wrath And The Great Gatsby1738 Words   |  7 Pagesthirties was known as the land of opportunity and the home of the American Dream; authors John Steinbeck and Scott Fitzgerald express different opinions in their novels, The Grapes of Wrath and The Great Gatsby, respectively. Each author uses the characterization of the wealthy classes to condemn the American Dream and show how people of this time portrayed by fictional characters were dehumanized. Steinbeck in The Grapes of Wrath portrays dehumanization through landlords and government officialsRead MoreAmerican Ideals : The Grapes Of Wrath And The Great Gatsby2037 Words   |  9 PagesAustin Iverson AP English American Ideals: The Grapes of Wrath and The Great Gatsby Throughout history there have been certain political and social ideals that have been upheld by most individuals in American society. These ideals include liberty, equality, and pursuing the American dream. Many of these American ideals can be seen in the classic novels The Grapes of Wrath and The Great Gatsby. Both novels take place within two decades of each other in the same country but with vastly differentRead MoreSelfishness Explored in The Great Gatsby and The Grapes of Wrath1114 Words   |  5 Pagesbeings and Americans, we * find it difficult to be content with what we consider â€Å"less.† Much of the American Dream revolves around success, and in general, the more you have, whether it is money, possessions, or relationships, the more successful you are. The American value of achievement often results in selfishness, once described by William E. Gladstone as â€Å"the greatest curse of the human race† (William E. Gladstone quotes, 2010). 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That is the reason why Americans are so unique and so hard to be defined. Being developed by great American novels such as the The Great Gatsby, The Grapes of Wrath, Of Mice and Men, and The Catcher in the Rye, there is now a universal definition for all Americans. An American is someone who persistentlyRead MoreThe American Dream Essay3125 Words   |  13 Pagesbeen accomplished, can be considered t he overall American Dream. Generally, every child wants to surpass the achievements of their parents as a natural act of competition and personal satisfaction. Throughout The Great Gatsby, The Grapes of Wrath, and Death of a Salesman, there is a constant yearning desire to achieve the â€Å"American Dream;† whether it be reality or illusion. 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The Impact Of Settler Colonialism - 1729 Words

Settler colonial theory (SCT) is a means for non-indigenous people to disturb colonial privilege accrued by settler societies from the displacement and suppression of indigenous peoples and their culture (Makoun Strakosch, 2013). Settler colonialism is a distinct form of colonialism that facets by way of the substitute of indigenous populations with an invasive settler society that, over time, develops a unique identity and sovereignty. Settler colonial states include Canada, the U.S., Australia, and South Africa, and settler colonial concept has been important to finding out conflicts in areas like Israel, Kenya, and Argentina, and in tracing the colonial legacies of empires that engaged in the general groundwork of settlement colonies.†¦show more content†¦The perspective is not merely historical because the settler-colonial ideas continue to influence relations between Euro-Canadian settlers and indigenous peoples (Woolford Benvenuto, 2015). The propositions of settler colonial theory are based on observations of the ontological framework of settler society that casts indigenous groups as a separate nation with practices that justify the denial of indigenous rights. The ideology eventually becomes ingrained in settler society to the point where the racist paradigms are pervasive and operate unconsciously on all levels of interactions between indigenous and non-indigenous society (Denis, 2015). Economic and Social Movement Alliances The economic alliance between Indigenous people and the business community has become more common in the post-TRC and Canada 150 environment. The business alliances generally can be characterized as a paternalistic partnership in which the business organization exogenous to the indigenous community takes the leadership of the alliance despite the common economic objective. 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Those whose countries hold values of imperialism and colonialism have onlyRead MoreBroader Impact Of Colonization On African Continent Essay1292 Words   |  6 Pages Broader Impact of colonization on African Continent According to the dictionary, colonialism may be defined as the policy or practice of acquiring full or partial political control over another country, occupy it settlers, and exploit it economically. Colonialism between the 1870s and 1900s had a massive impact on African communities. Therefore, I am studying effect of colonialism because I want to find out its impacts in order to understand the transformationRead MoreThe History Of Western Imperialism1129 Words   |  5 Pagescolonies have suffered massive loss of culture through the oppression in the form of assimilation of indigenous people, of resources like silver in Latin America, along with re-appropriation of their spaces to accommodate the presence of the white settlers, North America being a prime example. 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Rural Urban Migration Is An Inevitable Component Of The...

The phenomenon of rapid urbanization in less developed countries and in the absence of extensive industrialization, led to the emergence of illegal settlements and shanty towns, discuss the relationship between urbanization, poverty and development; and use a case study to illustrate the effects of rapid urbanization in LDC’s. Rural-urban migration occurs at varying rates in every country. This paper focuses on the process of rural-urban migration and its influence on urbanization in developing countries. It presents arguments in support of the proposal that rural-urban migration is an inevitable component of the development process, and does not necessarily have to result in opposing impacts with the right mix of policies, this process can occur at a socially acceptable level. However, the misrepresentation of opportunities in favor of cities in most developing countries, the costs associated with rural-urban migration often outweigh the benefits, which lead to excessive urbanization with special emphasis on the causes and consequences of rural-urban migration, and their relationship with urbanization and economic growth. Keeping into consideration the fact that rural-urban migration is an integral part of the development process. Also the paper will give a brief historical background about the rapid urba nization change in developing countries over time and will be applying a case study of a country to illustrate this change. Many developing countries have a recentShow MoreRelatedUrbanization in South America3311 Words   |  14 Pagesdone by: Contents I. Introduction 3 II. Urbanization Process 4 III. Internal Migration and Urbanization 8 IV. Urban Systems 10 V. Conclusion 13 VI. Bibliography 14 I. 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Death Penalty Essay Against Example For Students

Death Penalty Essay Against Illinois, Citing Faulty Verdicts, Bars ExecutionsBy DIRK JOHNSON SPRINGFIELD, IL (AP) Citing a shameful record of convicting innocent people and putting them on death row, Gov. George Ryan of Illinois today halted all executions in the state, the first such moratorium in the nation. Governor Ryan, a moderate Republican who supports the death penalty but questions its administration, noted that 13 men had been sentenced to death in Illinois since 1977 for crimes they did not commit, before ultimately being exonerated and freed by the courts. I cannot support a system, which, in its administration, has proven so fraught with error, he said, and has come so close to the ultimate nightmare, the states taking of innocent life. Opponents of the death penalty, who said mistaken convictions like those discovered in Illinois were common throughout the nation, hailed the move. Since 1973, 85 people have been found to be innocent and released from death row. The Nebraska Legislature passed a mo ratorium on executions last year, citing concerns of racial disparity in sentencing, but the governor vetoed it. Bills that would halt executions are pending in 12 states. In Oregon, an anti-death-penalty group led by Mark Hatfield, a former Republican senator and governor, hopes to put a measure on the ballot that would eliminate executions and instead provide for sentences of life without parole. More than 600 inmates have been put to death since 1977, when the Supreme Court allowed the reinstatement of the death penalty. The death penalty is on the law books in 38 states. The Midwest has traditionally been a center of opposition to the death penalty. It is not allowed in Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota or Wisconsin. In Illinois, about 150 inmates are on death row; none had an execution date. Governor Ryans announcement of a moratorium met with little public criticism here, a measure of how public outrage over the wrongful convictions has changed the political landscape on the issue in this state. Until I can be sure that everyone sentenced to death in Illinois is truly guilty, until I can be sure with moral certainty that no innocent man or woman is facing a lethal injection, no one will meet that fate, the governor said. Mr. Ryan resisted calls for a moratorium last year, but he said that continuing evidence of flaws in the system, including still more reversals of convictions, had persuaded him to impose a moratorium. One of the leading voices for a moratorium has been that of Mayor Richard M. Daley of Chicago, who, while he was Cook County States Attorney in the 1980s, prosecuted some of the death penalty cases that later were overturned. Mayor Daley now contends that prosecutors did nothing improper in these cases but that defense lawyers were often poorly financed and sometimes incompetent. In nine of the reversed Illinois cases, students and professors at Northwestern University unearthed pivotal evidence that freed the men from death row. Law rence Marshall, a law professor at Northwestern who is director of the Center for Wrongful Convictions at the university, said that the mistakes unearthed in Illinois surely existed in other states. This should not be seen as an Illinois problem, Professor Marshall said. What happened here is that we got lucky in the first few cases, and found the evidence? After that, people were more willing to take a second look at other cases. The willingness in Illinois to examine such cases, Mr. Marshall said, means that letters from inmates protesting innocence are not ignored. The political climate has changed here, he said. There has been an astonishing recognition that innocent people are being sent to death row. So now people are re-examining cases in Illinois that would not be re-examined in other states. While Illinois seems to have become a center of debate over the death penalty, the issue is gaining resonance around the nation, after many years in which it was seen as essentially a d ead letter in American politics. Besides the halt on executions here, and the vetoed moratorium in Nebraska, the death penalty has been the focus of intense scrutiny in Florida and other states. Last year, in a visit to the United States, Pope John Paul II called on Catholics to oppose the death penalty. And a new movie, Hurricane, examines the life of a man, Rubin Carter, who was sent to death row for a crime he did not commit. People are starting to raise more concerns about the death penalty, said Steven Hawkins, the executive director of the National Coalition to Abolish the Death Penalty. Its becoming obvious that mistakes can be made, and innocent people can be sent to death row. While the wrongful convictions in Illinois have generated intense scrutiny and debate, Florida has had 18-death row cases reversed, the most of any state. Governor Ryan, who said he would appoint a panel to study death penalty sentences, heads the Illinois campaign for Gov. George W. Bush of Texas, th e state that executes more people than any other. I believe that a public dialogue must begin on the question of fairness of the application of the death penalty in Illinois, Mr. Ryan said. In about a year as governor, Mr. Ryan has taken some actions that have put him at odds with conservatives in his party. He has called for strict gun control, expressed support for the civil rights of gays and traveled to Cuba and met with Fidel Castro. Some suburban and downstate lawmakers complain that Mr. Ryan has maintained too cozy a political relationship with Mayor Daley, a Democrat. Mr. Ryan has lately been beleaguered by an investigation into a bribery scandal at drivers license bureaus that occurred during his watch as the Illinois secretary of state. While Mr. Ryan has not been charged with wrongdoing, one of his top aides is expected to be indicted. Seventeen people have pleaded guilty to taking bribes to fix drivers license exams, and some of the money went to Mr. Ryans campaign. Sinc e 1977, Illinois has executed 12 inmates, the most recent in March 1999, the lethal injection of Andrew Kokoraleis, and a suburban Chicago man who had been convicted of an especially grisly murder. The Cook County States Attorneys Office has instituted special internal reviews for all cases that would be eligible for the death penalty. The prosecutors office, which is headed by Richard Devine, a Democrat, has not called for an execution date since April 1998. David Erickson, the first assistant states attorney, said the governors call for a moratorium was appropriate. The easy thing would have been to finger-point, and the governor did not do that, Mr. Erickson said. 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